The Renaissance...

The Renaissance started in the 15th Century, this started in Italy after their city states were waning due to a lack dominance in the country. It was obvious that Christian's thoughts had dominated medieval times with Bible stories.

The Renaissance had created a free and open (enlightened) place in Italy.

New ideas rushed in from Greece to improve their society, including high premium ideas to a volatile and wealthy civilisation .

At first this was frightening for the members of Italy with a christian point of view as these ideas were new, fresh, non-biblical ideas. These were also ideas that would go on to introduce the modern age. This age was known as being philosophically rigid.

Plato believed in a world but a shadow, he believed that the world's occupants lived in a cave and only existed within that cave and that the shadows they cast upon were real life. He said that only philosopher's can see the true world and that regular man is not capable of divine thought.

A painting was shown to us in the lecture of several philosophers and the Pope looking down onto them (the Pagans, which were the Christians before Christ) which was a contradiction of the Bible. Plato and Aristotle are placed in the middle of this painting as they are the most important - Aristotle dominated the detriment of philosophy and had a student named Alexander the Great. Pythagoras is placed on the lower left side of the painting, he set up his own religion creating odd rules and went on to be the founder of Mathematics which has contradicted his theories in his 'pretend world'. Epicurus believed in pleasure, and that pleasure is the absence of pain. Heroclethius was another of the 'elite'. He came up with the theory that claimed that nature is constantly in 'flux'. He stated that for a community to change there must be violence included. Diognes lived like a dog, he had no belief in manners or worldly goods. Plato and Aristotle also believed in biology and observational beliefs.

Plato and Aristotle are pointing up in the image, showing their belief for higher things beyond what we can sense. They both believed in tainted reflections/shadows of perfect world and that the world was like a cave.

They also believed in a fair society meaning that...

- Guardians were known as educated philosophers.

- Soldiers were for the 'dirty work'.

- People had no questions asked.

It was known that to have possessions was detramental to society.

Leviathan means nature, universal war, a nasty short and brutal life until a government is formed.

Rousseau created the social contract, including an election of a ruler or a King known as a 'mortal God' to protect the lives of citizens and state from outside attack - creating not a lot of freedom.

Tollamie created the belief that the universe revolved around the earth which was agreeing with Aristotle and the Bible.

Bertrand Russell was known as a pacifist about World War One and was opposed to the development of nuclear weapons. Newton believed in the priory which is the arguement of the existance of God.

The universal law of nature is that everything is acted upon by gravity.

Cogito Ergo Sum - "I think, therefore I am."

Idealism...

- Ideas are the only reality

- Impractically by virtue of thinking of things in their ideal form rather than as they really are

- High mindedness is elevated from ideals or conduct; the quality of believing that ideals should be persued.

Empiricism...

- Knowledge that is derived from experience.

- Quackery: medical practice and advice based on observation and experience in ignorance of scientific findings.

- Pursuit of knowledge purely through experience.

- Pre-socratics - Thales, Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Partherudes, Empedocles, Anaxagoras, Protagoras

-Socrates - Plato and Aristotle

- Ancient philosophy after Aristotle (including the cynics, sceptics, epicureans, stoics and plotirius)